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A battery is a device that converts chemical energy
into electrical energy. The basic design of a battery includes two electrodes,
an anode (the positive end) and a cathode (the negative end). In between the
battery’s two electrodes runs an electrical current caused primarily from a
voltage differential between the anode and cathode. The voltage runs through a
chemical called an electrolyte (which can be either liquid or solid). This
battery consisting of two electrodes is called a voltaic cell.

The batteries we use today are simply variations of
the early battery or voltaic pile. Today’s battery’s are made up of plates of
reactive chemicals separated by barriers, being polarized so all the electrons
gather on one side. The side that all the electrons gather on becomes
negatively charged, and the other side becomes positively charged. Connecting a
device creates a current and the electrons flow through the device to the
positive side.

Full article at: Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries